Essences (Essential Oils)

Product Documents
ESSENCES TABLE

What are Essences (Essential Oils)?

They are compounds composed of several volatile substances. This means Essences (Essential Oils) are not formed from a single compound. Essences can exist in liquid as well as solid form. Powdered essences are used by adding them directly to detergents for washing machines and dishwashers.

The compounds that form Essences (Essential Oils) can be as follows;

• Alcohols
• Acetone
• Aldehydes
• Ketones
• Ethers

.

Essences are produced, stored, and warehoused by being secreted in plant ducts. They are generally in liquid form at room temperature. Considering their volatility, they can be extracted.

How is the Industrial Production of Essences (Essential Oils)?

Although other methods exist for obtaining volatile oils, the generally applied method for extracting them from plant aromas is distillation.

In essence production, the raw materials obtained from crude plant matter are separated by steam distillation, a mechanized process, or dry distillation.

In the first two methods applied here, the obtained Essence may pass into the aqueous phase. Here, redistillation and aeration are performed without significant changes.

This definition clearly distinguishes between medicinal essential oils and other aromatic substances commonly known in pharmacies and perfumeries.

They are widely distributed in nature.

In Which Plants Are They Found?

Plants containing volatile oils include trees like pine and fir, as well as families such as myrtle, eucalyptus, chamomile, mint, lavender, thyme, rosemary, and anise. The place where the plant grows is also important. For example, places with warmer climates have more essential oils.

Besides having therapeutic properties, they are used extensively in the food and perfume industries.

Classes;

They are classified according to certain criteria. These classes are known as the chemical nature of the main components, consistency, and origin.

These are;

Resins

They are amorphous solid or semi-solid products of a complex chemical substance. Their origins are physiological or pathophysiological. They contain abietic acid and its derivatives.

Oleoresins

They are homogeneous mixtures of resins and essential oils. For example, turpentine is obtained by making incisions in the trunks of different pine species. It contains rosin during essential oil production. The Essence (Essential Oil) here is turpentine essence.

What is Turpentine?

It is a sticky liquid obtained from mastic and pine trees. Turpentine can evaporate at ambient temperature and is a flammable liquid.

What are the Uses of Turpentine?

• Paint and Varnish Thinner
• In Printing, Pharmaceutical, and Hair Products
• Used in some paints and coatings.
• Spray paint, paint, and ceramic coatings.
• Pine turpentine is used in shoe and furniture polishes.

This class is easy to use due to its advantages in foodstuffs and pharmacy and its properties of chemical uniformity. It possesses the aromas of the plant.

The Oleoresin Essence class consists of concentrated forms and high-viscosity liquids or semi-solid substances.

Gum Resins

These types of Essences consist of natural plant or tree saps. These types of volatile oils are mixtures of gums and resins.

What are the Physical Properties of Essences (Essential Oils)?

Essences are volatile and in liquid form at room temperature.

Volatile oils are less dense than water. There are only 2 exceptions: saffron extract and clove extract.

If essences are distilled, they first become colorless and then develop a slightly yellowish color.

They have a high refractive index and are always optically active.

To dissolve essences, normal organic solvents such as alcohol, ether, and chloroform are used. They are also soluble in high-proof alcohol.

Essential oils are slightly soluble in water but do not have high water solubility.

What are the Chemical Properties of Essences (Essential Oils)?

In terms of chemical properties, they are divided into 2 groups: terpenoids and non-terpenoids.

Density: 0.87-1.05 g/cm³ (varies depending on the oil)

Melting Point and Boiling Point: Varies depending on the essence

Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol and oil solvents.

Non-Terpenoids

This group of Essences (Essential Oils) includes short-chain aliphatic substances. This group includes aromatic substances, nitrogenous substances, and sulfur.

Terpenoids

This group of Essences (Volatile Oils) is commercially more significant. And it has a very important effect on the market due to its properties.

What are the Application Areas of Essences (Essential Oils)?

We can classify their application areas as follows.

Food Industry

• Essences are used to add flavor to meats, dried meats, soups, and ice creams.
• The most commonly used Essences (Essential Oils) in cheese are cilantro, orange, and mint.
• It is used in the production of sweets and chocolate.

Pharmaceutical Industry

• In the pharmaceutical industry, volatile oils are used to add mint and fennel extract properties to toothpastes.
• Volatile oils are used in analgesics and decongestants.
• Eucalyptus is used in inhalation products. It is also used in dentistry. Essences (Essential Oils) are used in drug manufacturing to neutralize unpleasant tastes. Orange and Mint extracts are the preferred essences in this field.
• Orange essence is used in the production of antipyretic syrups due to its pleasant fragrance.

Cosmetics Industry

• In terms of the use of Essences (Essential Oils), this sector uses them very intensively in the production of soap, perfume, and makeup. In the cosmetics industry, geranium, lavender, rose, and patchouli essences are common.
• It is used to impart a beautiful fragrance in the manufacturing of skin care creams.
• It is used as a fragrance in the manufacturing of hair removal creams.

Veterinary Products Industry

• The volatile oils used in this industry include the very valuable Chenopodium Ambrosoides. Limonene and Menthol are also used.

Industrial Deodorants

• They are used to mask the bad odors of industrial products. Paint manufacturers use Essences (Essential Oils) as biodegradable solvents during paint production.
• Essences (Essential Oils) are used in toy manufacturing.
• It is used for masking in the textile industry. This helps to eliminate unpleasant odors before dyeing.
• It is used in paper production, for notebooks, papers, paper towels, and napkins. It is also used in the manufacturing of scented wipes.

Tobacco Industry

• In the tobacco industry, menthol is used to provide a refreshing sensation. However, this application is gradually being phased out of the market.

Biocide and Insecticide Industry

• Thyme, clove, salvia, and mint are used in this field.

What Factors Affect the Prices of Essences (Essential Oils)?

The price of an essence is directly proportional to the price of the plant or tree from which it is produced. As the price of the raw material used in its production increases, the price of the volatile oil will increase.

As the price of auxiliary chemicals used in volatile oil production increases, the price will also increase.

The price of Essences (Essential Oils) has been increasing for years. It has doubled in the last 5 years.

Prices are directly proportional to the application areas of Essences (Essential Oils). As the application areas increase, the prices of essential oils will increase.

Due to production problems experienced before the summer months, the prices of essential oils will increase.

ESSENCES SOLUBLE IN OIL AND ALCOHOL MEDIUM