Garment washing processes in the textile sector are an important part of the textile industry. They are generally applied to denim products and other casual garments. At first glance, the garment does not meet the user's requirements. However, after washing, it is widely used due to its appearance, softness, comfort, strength, and low cost that meet the customer's needs.
Garment washing processes help products gain advantages in the market by providing profitable and glassy appearance through chemical washing, wet washing, and dry or mechanical washing processes.
The most commonly used dry washing processes for garments are evaluated as scraping, spraying, whipping, damaging, staining, and rubbing the garment to provide a new appearance and different effects on the user: normal washing or rinsing washing, pigment washing, caustic washing or silicon washing, enzyme washing, stone washing, stone enzyme washing, bleach washing, and acid washing.
These applications include very different washing processes to obtain different types of products. Thus, it demonstrates the variation of physical and chemical effects of wet and dry washing processes on garments to create a desired effect.
Textile washing technology is the technology applied to change the size, appearance, comfort, and fashion of garments.
Textile washing processes are used in textile denim applications and other applications. They are generally applied to remove insoluble substances or emulsion of other impurities from the fabric.
During the washing process, cellulose is hydrolyzed by the effect of the enzyme. First, the fibers that protrude from the fabric are treated. And the fibers here are hydrolyzed. Then it attacks the yarn section inside the fabric and hydrolyzes these yarns. With the effect of the enzyme, the color is removed from the fabric, creating a faded appearance.
In chemical character, it is a fatty alcohol polyglycol ether in an aqueous, glycolic solution. Detergent is widely used in continuous and discontinuous pre-treatments of all fiber types and their mixtures. It is used to remove mineral oil contamination and dirt from washing materials.
Acetic Acid is applied during the washing process to neutralize the alkaline solution and keep the pH of the washing bath under control.
It is used to prevent staining on the weft yarn (White Yarn) of denim, white pockets, plains, and contact fabrics, and to increase the brightness of fabrics. It also helps prevent wrinkles.
Bleaching powder is an oxidizing chemical. It is used in textile washing facilities to remove colors from denim garments. Different color tones are obtained on the garment with bleaching powder.
It is a chemical used in textile washing facilities to neutralize garments from the chlorine bleach form during or after chlorine washing.
Caustic provides attractive color and cleaning power in laundry color techniques without color change. Faded effect or vintage-looking garments quickly developed with this technique.
The chemical that creates alkali for the decomposition of pigment dye is soda ash. With the help of soda ash, the most correct bleaching effect of the bleach bath is created. It has a cleaning effect. In addition, it helps the garment create a faded effect. It also helps fix color in the dye bath. Soda ash is one of the main washing chemicals with many effects.
Sodium bicarbonate is used in bleach water together with bleaching powder to create a light shade on denim in the bleach bath. Because it is easily colored during use. In this way, production increases but costs are low.
In the acid washing process, it is used together with pumice stone to remove color from garments. It is applied with a nozzle in the application room to remove color from garments or to create a whitish color.
It is used to give a soft surface feel and lubrication property to treated fabrics. Fabric softener diluted with hot water (cationic or nonionic) should be used in the machine.
Amino silicone is a textile finishing chemical generally consisting of amino-modified silicone. When micro emulsion silicone is applied to fabrics, it provides durability, slipperiness, elasticity, anti-pilling, dimensional stability, tear resistance, easier cutting properties, and ease of care.
It helps the dye to be drawn into the fiber.
Buffer is used in washing facilities to provide pH control of enzyme bath, softener bath, and desizing bath.
Hydrogen peroxide plays the main role in the bleach washing technique. In an alkaline environment, hydrogen peroxide decomposes and discolors coloring materials, resulting in the formation of some perhydroxyl ions that help with the fading effect. Hydrogen peroxide is used in white or whitening, bleaching baths, or ready baths for dyeing gray fabric garments. It is also used to neutralize the garment from an alkaline state.
Hydrogen peroxide works very well at temperatures above 90°C. However, temperatures above 90°C break peroxide. Therefore, stabilizer is used to prevent hydrogen peroxide from breaking. This way, peroxide works smoothly in the bath.
When the fabric color is to be fixed, it is used to fix the dye that gives the fabric its color. This increases color fastness and rubbing fastness.
Catalyzer is used in pigment exhaust method processing. Pigment is colored but not a dye. When the catalyst is used on the fabric, pigment colors do not show your name on the fabric. Then the affinity between pigment colors and fabrics increases.
Two different optical brighteners are used in laundries. Red and blue are used. Optical brightener is basically used to increase the brightness of garments.
Resin is an etherified, dimethylol glyoxalin monourea urea-based high-efficiency textile resin. Resin is used to create semi-permanent wrinkles on denim and other cellulose fabrics. It maintains a soft handle after the fabric is washed.
In laundries, it is used to neutralize the garment after potassium permanganate application.
Desizing agent is generally used to remove starches, coc, beeswax, oil pectins, minerals, and unfixed indigo dye from denim, poplin, and canvas fabrics.